python intro 1
哈 前面跳過
1. 看 AIA serve 怎麼用~
- serve 網址: https://hub.tpe.aiacademy.tw/
- 選一GPU
- jupyter notebook: tree / lab 模式
- Lab: https://hub.tpe.aiacademy.tw/user/學號/
lab - tree: https://hub.tpe.aiacademy.tw/user/學號/
tree
- Lab: https://hub.tpe.aiacademy.tw/user/學號/
- 不使用:
- Hub -> Control Panel -> Stop My Server
- 左邊 running 關掉 開啟的 running
- Terminal 使用:
- 複製
檔案路徑到目標路徑cp -r 檔案路徑 目標路徑 - 刪除 directory 我的最愛
rm -r mydir
- 複製
###2. Python 程式設計
-
Basic Syntax
# assignment a = 1 b = c = 5 # assign multiple objects to multple variables. a, b, c = 1, 2, "John"- Data Type
counter = 100 # integer miles = 1000.0 # floating name = "John" # string # check type print(type(name)) # str - Arithmetic Operators
add = 1 + 1 # 2 sub = 1 - 1 # 0 div = 4 / 2 # 2 mod = 4 % 3 # 1 mul = 2 * 3 # 6 f_div = 5 // 2 # 2 power = 2 ** 3 # 8 - Comparison Operators
a, b = 10, 20 a == b # False a != b # True a < b # True a > b # False a <= # True a >= # False - Built-in Functions
# print() type() int() str() integer = 123 string = "456" s_to_i = int(string) # int now i_to_s = str(integer) # str now
- Data Type
-
Data Structures
- Numbers
# int float complex print(type(5)) # int print(type(5.0)) # float c = 5 + 3j print(type(c)) # complex - Lists
# empty list my_list = [] # list of integers my_list = [1, 2, 3] # list with mixed datatypes my_list = [1, "hello", 2.3] # nested list my_list = ["mouse", [8, 4, 6]] - List-index
my_list =['h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o'] print(my_list[0]) # h print(my_list[1]) # h # Nested List n_list = ["Happy", [2,0,1,9]] print(n_list[1][3]) # 9 - List-nefative indexing
my_list = ['p', 'r', 'o', 'b', 'e'] print(my_list[-1]) # e print(my_list[-5]) # p - List-Slicing
my_list = [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8] print(my_list[2:5]) # 2 3 4 print(my_list[:-5]) # 0 1 2 3 print(my_list[5:]) # 5 6 7 8 print(my_list[:]) # 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 print(my_list[::3]) # 0 3 6 - Built-in List Methos
num_list = [0, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8] # append() num_list.append(9) # [0, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9] # remove(element) not index!! # 只移除掉一個唷~ num_list.remove(0) # [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9] num_list.remove(9) # [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8] # index() method finds the given element in a list and returns its position. num_list.index(5) # 5 # pop() takes a single argument (index) and removes the element present at that inde from the list result = num_list.pop(3) print(result) # 3 print(num_list) # [0, 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8] - Tuples: 元素不能被修改
my_tuple = () print(my_tuple) # () my_tuple = (1, 2, 3) print(my_tuple) # (1, 2, 3) - Strings
my_string = "YA" my_string2 = 'YA' # my_str my_str = "Hello World!" print(my_str[0]) # H print(my_str[-1]) # ! # slicing 3nd to 5th character print(my_str[2:5]) # llo - Built-in Strings Methods
my_string = "hello world" # find() print(my_string.find("he")) # 0 # capitalize() print(my_string.capitalize()) # Hello world # upper() print(my_string.upper()) # HELLO WORLD # endswith print(my_string.endswith("d")) # True # split() print(my_string.split(" ") # ['hello', 'world'] # replace() print(my_string.replace("hello", "顆顆顆")) # 顆顆顆 world - Sets: 無重複、無排序、不可更改
# set of integers my_set = {1, 2, 3} # set of mixed datatypes my_set = {1.0, "Hello", (1, 2, 3)} print(my_set) # {"Hello", 1.0, (1, 2, 3)} # mathematical set operations set_1 = set(['s', 'p', 'a', 'm']) set_2 = set(['h', 'a', 'm']) # union, intersection print(set_1 | set_2) # {'h', 'p', 'm', 's', 'a'} print(set_1 & set_2) # {'a', 'm'} # symmetric difference print(set_1 - set_2) # {'s', 'p'} - Dictionary: 無序的
# empty dictionary my_dict = {} # dictionary with integer keys my_dict = {1: 'a', 2: 'b'} # dictionary with mixed keys my_dict = {'name': 'Tom', 1:23} # Another define my_dict = dict() # add elements my_dict['One'] = '1' my_dict['OneTwo'] = 12 print(my_dict) # {'One': '1', 'OneTwo': 12} # update value my_dict['One'] = 111 # {'One': 111, 'OneTwo': 12} # Merge two lists to a dictionary names = ['One', 'Two', 'Three', 'Four', 'Five'] numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5] merged_dict = dict(zip(names, numbers)) # {'One': 1, 'Two': 2, 'Three': 3, 'Four': 4, 'Five': 5} - Dictionary Methods
my_dict = {'name': 'Jack', 'age': 16, 'gender': 'man'} # remove a particular item print(my_dict.pop('gender')) # man print(my_dict) # {'name': 'Jack', 'age': 16} # Returns view of dictionsr's (key, value) pair print(my_dict.items()) # dict_items([('name', 'Jack'), ('age', 16)]) # Return a new view ofthe dictionary's keys print(my_dict.keys()) # dict_keys(['name', 'age']) # remove all items my_dict.clear() # {}
- Numbers
-
Control flow
- if
num = 3 if num > 0: print(num, "is a positive number.") num = -1 if num > 0: print(num, "is a positive number.") ## Output: 3 is a positive number. - if … else
num = -1 if num >= 0: print(num, "Positive or Zero") else: print(num, "is a Negative number") ## Output: -1 is a Negative number. - if … elif … else
num = 0 if num > 0: print("Positive number") elif num == 0: print("Zero") else: print("Negative number") ## Output: Zero - Logical - or, and
num = 5 if num == 0 or num ==1: print("Zero or One") elif num >= 2 and num <= 10: print("From 2 to 10") else: print("More") ## Output: From 2 to 10 - is, not
num = 4 # num == 4 if num is 4: print("num is 4") # num != 6 if num is not 6: print("num is not 6") # !(num == 5) if not num ==5: print("num is not 5") # !(num==7) if not num is 7: print("num is not 7") - For loop
numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10] sum = 0 for val in numbers: sum = sum + val print("This sum is", sum) #The sum is 55 - For loop with range()
# range(stop) # range(start, stop[, step]) numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6] for i in range(len(numbers)): print("numbers ", numbers[i]) # Output # number 1 # number 2 # number 3 # number 4 # number 5 # number 6 for i in range(0, len(numbers), 2): print("2 steps", numbers[i]) # output # 2 steps 1 # 2 steps 3 # 2 steps 5 - For loop with enumerate()
pets = ('Dogs', 'Cats', 'Turtles', 'Rabbits') for index, pet in enumerate(pets): print(index, pet) # output # 0 Dogs # 1 Cats # 2 Turtles # 3 Rabbits - While loop
n = 10 # initialize sum and counter sum = 0 i = 1 while i <= n: sum = sum + i i = i + 1 # update counter print("The sum is", sum) # The sum is 55 - Nested Loop
for i in range(0, 2): for j in range(0, 2): print("i=", i, "j=", j, ", i*j=", i*j) # Output: # i= 0 j= 0 , i*j= 0 # i= 0 j= 1 , i*j= 0 # i= 1 j= 0 , i*j= 0 # i= 1 j= 1 , i*j= 1 - break, continue and pass
numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10] # break for val in numbers: if val >=4: break print(val) # output # 1 # 2 # 3 # continue for val in numbers: if val >=3 and val <=8: continue print(val) # output # 1 # 2 # 9 # 10 # pass for val in numbers: pass - List comprehension
# make new lists by using iterable squares = [] for x in range(10): squares.appends(x**2) print(squares) # [0, 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81] # equivalently squares = [x**2 for x in range(10)] print(squares) # [0, 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81] # with if squares = [x**2 for x in range(10) if x % 2 == 0] print(squares) # [0, 4, 16, 36, 64] # equivalently squares=[] for x in range(10): x % 2 == 0: squares.append(x**2) print(squares) # [0, 4, 16, 36, 64]
- if